He argues they are familiar with the U.S. economy, where foreign trade makes up a small proportion of economic output and where there are what he calls' long-lasting nominal rigidities'.

他辩称，他们熟悉美国经济，而美国的经济中外贸只占经济产值的一小部分，而且还有他所说的“为时已久的名义刚性(nominal rigidities)”。

youdao

Secondly, model output tracking robust control is proposed under the large-scale mode aggregation and the condition that the controlled nominal system is similar to the reference model.

然后从大系统模型集结为背景提出模型输出跟随控制问题，研究了被控系统的标称系统与理想模型相似时的模型输出跟随控制系统的鲁棒控制问题。

youdao

He argues they are familiar with the U. S. economy, where foreign trade makes up a small proportion of economic output and where there are what he calls' long-lasting nominal rigidities'.

他辩称，他们熟悉美国经济，而美国的经济中外贸只占经济产值的一小部分，而且还有他所说的“为时已久的名义刚性(nominal rigidities)”。

youdao

In his speech, Mr Carney said it might make more sense in today's circumstances to target not the growth of prices (inflation) but the growth in the cash value of economic output: nominal GDP.

BBC: A new target for the Bank of England?

In his paper he recommended that the Fed commit to keeping policy easy until the economy reaches a particular target, such as nominal GDP (ie, output unadjusted for inflation) returning to its pre-recession path.

ECONOMIST: Central bankers wonder why success eludes them

Likewise, many bad investments made during prosperous times will be bailed out by inflation since the value of their output can now show nominal profits.

FORBES: 7 Reasons Investors Should Embrace Inflation